You are looking for a couple for phrases or useful words just to get around Japan. We are not looking to learn the language to be fluent for your two week trip. I was able to get around with just these few phrases and words below.
1. sumimasen (su-mi-ma-sen)- excuse me or sorry
2. konnichiwa (kon-ni-chi-wa)- hi or good afternoon
3. konbanwa (con-ban-wa) - good evening
4. nihongo ga wakarimasen (ni-hon-go- gah-wa-kari-ma-sen) - don't understand Japanese
5. eigo dekimasu ka (eggo-de-ki-mas-ka) - speak English?
6. ____ doko desu ka - (do-ku-des-ka) - [Add or point to place] where is it?
7. arigato gozaimasu (are-yi-gato go-zai-mas) - thank you (formal way)
8. ___ arimasu ka (are-yi-mas-ka) - does it exist, do you have this?
9. gen ki desu ka (gen-key-des-ka) - how are you?
10. gen ki desu (gen-key-des) - I'm fine
11. go chisou sama deshita (go-chi-so-sama-desh-ta) - thanks for the meal
*In Japan, after finishing your meal, it is customary to thank the chef and your server for the meal. This is to show that you appreciate their efforts. There isn't really a word or phrase in English for this. We might say thank you very much. But, the above phrase will impress the Japanese especially if you are clearly a foreigner.
12. resutoran (res-tow-ran) - restaurant
13. eki (ey-key)- train station
14. torie (toy re)- bathroom
15. kouban (ko-ban) - police station
16. shoppingu mooru (shop-ping-gu-moo-ru) - shopping mall
17. pasupoto (pa-su-po-to) - passport
18. nakushimashita (na-kush-yi-mas-ta) - misplaced
19. kagi (ka-ge)- key
20. keitai (k-ey-tai) - cellphone
21. kaban (ka-ban) - bag
22. katsu (ka-su) - shoes
23. yo yaku shite imasu (yo-yaku-shita-mas) - I have a reservation
24. hitotsu (hi-tot-su) - one quantity when ordering
25. futatsu (fu-tat-su) - two quantity when ordering